\The+Effect+of+Oxygen+on+Vitamin+C+content+in+Lemonade+and+Orange+Juice

**The Effect of Oxygen on Vitamin C Content in LEMONADE and ORANGE JUICE  ** that oxygen has on the ascorbic acid content of orange juice and lemonade. It was hypothesized that exposure to oxygen would lessen the amount of ascorbic in each juice. To carry out the experiment, several different beakers containing either 20 mL of orange juice or 50 mL of lemonade were placed in open air at room temperature for different lengths of time. Titration using an iodine solution and two indicators, hydrochloric acid and a starch solution, was then used to determine the concentration of vitamin c in each sample. The orange juice samples, immediately after being opened, contained an average of 0.0061 grams of vitamin c where as the orange juice samples after being exposed to oxygen for three hours and twenty-four hours contained an average vitamin c content of 0.0058 grams and 0.0051 grams. Vitamin c concentration in lemonade decreased with exposure to oxygen as well, the vitamin c content decreased to 0.0019 grams after originally being 0.0020 grams. The results of this experiment further strengthened the hypothesis that oxygen exposure for significant lengths of time does in fact decrease the vitamin c content of orange juice and lemonade.
 * **OXYGEN’S EFFECT ON VITAMIN C CONTENT OF JUICE.** **Addie Colton.** The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect
 * Key Words**: Titration, Ascorbic acid, Oxygen, Oxidation reaction, Orange Juice, Lemonade ||


 * Results: **

** //Orange Juice// **
 * __Table 1: Orange Juice directly out of refrigerator__ **
 * ** Trial Number ** || ** Temperature of orange juice (celcius) ** || ** Amount of orange juice used (mL) ** || ** Initial level of iodine solution (mL) ** || ** End level of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Total amount of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice ** ||  ||
 * ** 1 ** || 4 || 20 || 5.0 || 23.3 || 18.3 |||| - ||
 * ** 2 ** || 4 || 20 || 6.2 || 23.4 || 17.2 |||| - ||
 * ** 3 ** || 4 || 20 || 23.4 || 41.9 || 18.5 |||| - ||
 * ** 4 ** || 4 || 20 || 3.5 || 20.0 || 16.5 |||| - ||
 * ** 5 ** || 4 || 20 || 20.0 || 38.8 || 18.8 |||| - ||
 * ** 6 ** || 4 || 20 || 2.5- 11.9 || 12.3-23.3 || 20.4 |||| ** 18.0 mL ** ||


 * __Table 2: Orange juice after sitting in room temperature for 3 hours__ **
 * ** Trial Number ** || ** Temperature of orange juice (celcius) ** || ** Amount of orange juice used (mL) ** || ** Beginning level of iodine solution (mL) ** || ** End level of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Total amount of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice ** ||  ||
 * ** 1 ** || 19 || 20 || 4.7 || 17.7 || 13.0 |||| - ||
 * ** 2 ** || 19 || 20 || 17.7 || 30.8 || 13.1 |||| - ||
 * ** 3 ** || 19 || 20 || 30.8 || 48.0 || 17.2 |||| - ||
 * ** 4 ** || 20 || 20 || 10.4 || 28.8 || 18.4 |||| - ||
 * ** 5 ** || 20 || 20 || 28.8 || 49.8 || 21.0 |||| - ||
 * ** 6 ** || 20 || 20 || 19.7 || 40.1 || 20.4 |||| ** 17.2 mL ** ||


 * __Table 3: Orange juice after sitting in room temperature for 24 hours__ **
 * ** Trial Number ** || ** Temperature of orange juice (celcius) ** || ** Amount of orange juice used (mL) ** || ** Beginning level of iodine solution (mL) ** || ** End level of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Total amount of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice ** ||  ||
 * ** 1 ** || 20 || 20 || 1.8 || 16.6 || 14.8 |||| - ||
 * ** 2 ** || 20 || 20 || 16.6 || 32.7 || 16.1 |||| - ||
 * ** 3 ** || 20 || 20 || 32.7 || 47.5 || 14.8 |||| ** 15.2 mL ** ||

** //Lemonade// **
 * __Table 4: Lemonade directly out of refrigerator__ **
 * ** Trial Number ** || ** Temperature of orange juice (celcius) ** || ** Amount of orange juice used (mL) ** || ** Beginning level of iodine solution (mL) ** || ** End level of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Total amount of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice ** ||  ||
 * ** 1 ** || 3 || 50 || 6.7 || 7.2 || 0.50 |||| - ||
 * ** 2 ** || 3 || 50 || 7.2 || 7.5 || 0.30 |||| - ||
 * ** 3 ** || 3 || 50 || 7.5 || 8.0 || 0.50 |||| - ||
 * ** 4 ** || 3 || 50 || 1.3 || 2.0 || 0.70 |||| - ||
 * ** 5 ** || 3 || 50 || 2.0 || 2.7 || 0.70 |||| - ||
 * ** 6 ** || 3 || 50 || 2.7 || 3.5 || 0.80 |||| ** 0.58 mL ** ||


 * __Table 5: Lemonade after sitting in room temperature for 3 hours__ **
 * ** Trial Number ** || ** Temperature of orange juice (celcius) ** || ** Amount of orange juice used (mL) ** || ** Beginning level of iodine solution (mL) ** || ** End level of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Total amount of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice ** ||  ||
 * ** 1 ** || 16 || 50 || 3.4 || 4.0 || 0.60 |||| - ||
 * ** 2 ** || 16 || 50 || 4.0 || 4.2 || 0.20 |||| - ||
 * ** 3 ** || 16 || 50 || 4.2 || 4.5 || 0.30 |||| - ||
 * ** 4 ** || 20 || 50 || 8.0 || 8.9 || 0.90 |||| - ||
 * ** 5 ** || 20 || 50 || 8.9 || 9.1 || 0.20 |||| - ||
 * ** 6 ** || 20 || 50 || 9.1 || 10.4 || 1.3 |||| ** 0.58 mL ** ||


 * __Table 6: Lemonade after sitting in room temperature for 24 hours__ **
 * ** Trial Number ** || ** Temperature of orange juice (celcius) ** || ** Amount of orange juice used (mL) ** || ** Beginning level of Iodine solution (mL) ** || ** End level of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Total amount of iodine solution used (mL) ** || ** Average amount of iodine solution used per 20 mL of orange juice ** ||  ||
 * ** 1 ** || 20 || 50 || 0.10 || 0.80 || 0.70 |||| - ||
 * ** 2 ** || 20 || 50 || 0.80 || 1.3 || 0.50 |||| - ||
 * ** 3 ** || 20 || 50 || 1.3 || 1.8 || 0.50 |||| ** 0.56 mL ** ||

** //Standard Solution// **
 * __Table 7: Vitamin C Tablet__ **
 * **Mass of vitamin C tablet (g) ** || **Mass of vitamin C in original tablet (g) ** || **Mass of vitamin C tablet dissolved in 100 mL of water (g) ** || **Mass of vitamin C dissolved in 100 mL of water (g) ** || **Mass of vitamin C tablet dissolved in 30 mL of the original 100 mL solution (g) ** || **Mass of vitamin C dissolved in 30 mL of solution (g) ** || **Beginning level of iodine solution used (mL) ** || **End level of iodine solution used (mL) ** || **Total amount of iodine solution used (mL) ** || **Iodine solution needed to neutralize vitamin C ** ||
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,serif;">0.63 || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,serif;">0.50 || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,serif;">0.091 || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,serif;">0.071 || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,serif;">0.027 || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,serif;">0.021 || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,serif;">5.5- 50.2 || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,serif;">1.2- 19.1 || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,serif;">62.6 || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,serif;">62.6 mL of iodine solution for every 0.021 g of vitamin C ||


 * __Table 8: Vitamin C content in each juice sample__ **
 * ** Sample ** || ** Average amount of iodine solution used (mL) per sample ** || ** Vitamin C content of sample ** ||
 * Lemonade just out of refrigerator || 0.58 || 0.00020 g ||
 * Lemonade after sitting at room temperature for three hours || 0.58 || 0.00020 g ||
 * Lemonade after sitting at room temperature for twenty-four hours || 0.56 || 0.00019 g ||
 * Orange juice just out of refrigerator || 18.0 || 0.0061 g ||
 * Orange juice after sitting at room temperature for three hours || 17.2 || 0.0058 g ||
 * Orange juice after sitting at room temperature for twenty-four hours || 15.2 || 0.0051 g ||

** Journal Article Summary ** The purpose of this expiriment was to observe and determine the effects of ascorbic acid on the healing of lesions. To do so, scientists obtained several three-month-old rats of the //rattus norvegicus// species and, after injecting them with a thionembutal anesthesia, cut slits in their backs. Over a period of two weeks, half of the rats wounds were treated with a water and soap mixture while the other half’s were treated with an ascorbic acid cream. The wounds of each rodent were tested every third, seventh, and fourteenth day. On those days, scientists cut small sections of each wound to place on glass slides that were examined under a microscope in hopes of finding change in the number of macrophages, neovessels, fibroblasts, or collagen fibres, all of which would indicate healing progress. Because the wounds treated with the ascorbic acid cream showed higher numbers of neovessels, a significantly lower number of macrophages, and a shorter swelling period, it was concluded that ascorbic acid spurs the healing process.

Lima CC, Pariera AP, Silva JR, Oliviera LS, Resck MC, Grechi CO, Bernardes MT, Olimpio FM, Santos AM, Incerpi EK, Garcia JA. 2009. Ascorbic acid for the healing of skin wounds in rats. PubMed. 69 (4): 1195-201. **
 * Citation