Claire+and+Lauren

A smaller amount of lard will allow the soap to dissolve in water. || Article: Blank, I. (1939). Action of soap on skin. Retrieved from [] ||
 * Project Topic: || Soaps and Bacteria: Which types work best to kill bacteria ||
 * Chemistry Concept: || The process of making the soap and the agar ||
 * Hypothesis: || The liquid or bar Soap will produce the Greatest zone of inhibition.
 * Journal Article: || Link to Article: [|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2133984/pdf/jhyg00036-0038.pdf]
 * Lab Procedure (Source?) || First Procedure:
 * 1) Dissolve 2.65 g of NaOH into 24mL of water and let cool.
 * 2) Melt 56.7 g of lard and let cool.
 * 3) Add two solutions together and stir.
 * 4) Pour into wooden mold and let sit for 24 hours


 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dissolve 0.40 g of each soap into 10mL of water.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Add 3 filter paper disks to each solution and 3 into a control of water.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Spread bacteria onto agar.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Place each disk on agar plates.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Incubate disks upside down overnight.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Second Procedure:
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Soak wooden box and cotton cloth in water
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Place cotton cloth in wooden box to cover bottom
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Add 2.65g NaOH to 24mL water and let cool
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Melt 30g of lard and let cool
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stir together solutions
 * 6) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stir
 * 7) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pour into mold and leave to solidify

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">How to make the homemade soap: [|http://www.millersoap.com/pennwaltetc.html#Preparing%20Fat] || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">agar:water, nutrient agar <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Soap: Fat, Water, Lye, Box, clean cotton fabric <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bacterial Solution <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Store bought Soaps ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Apparatus & Chemicals Needed || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">petri dishes
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Safety Information: Chemicals/Reactions || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lye becomes very hot when mixed with water. Start with cold water. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Other Information || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Aging improves soap.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Information on the zone of inhibition: [] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Link to Bar Soap vs. Liquid Soap:[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Link to Pros and Cons of Bar Soap:[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Link to Pros and Cons of Liquid Soap:[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Link to Anti-Bacterial vs. Non Anti-Bacterial Soap:[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Link to What Makes Soap Anti-Bacterial:[] || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Abstract: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The purpose of this lab is to determine whether a homemade soap, a bar soap or liquid soap kills bacteria better. The homemade soap was created by dissolving sodium hydroxide, lye, in water and mixing it with melted lard and cooling it overnight. After the homemade soap was created, a certain amount of soap was dissolved in water and paper test circles were soaked in the mixtures. The test circles were then placed on bacterial agar plates and placed in an incubator overnight. The next day the zone of inhibitions were measured, and the liquid soap produced a .25 cm ring, the bar produced a .05 cm ring, the homemade soup produced a .02 cm ring, and the control soaked in only water, did not produce a ring at all. It was predicted that the liquid and the bar soap would produce the greatest zone of inhibitions, and it proved correct by the data, although the liquid produced the greatest zone of inhibition out of all of the soaps tested. A possible reason the homemade soap did not produce a large ring could be because there was too much lard in the mixture when the soap was created and was therefore unable to dissolve in the water. In the second trial, a smaller amount of lard was used. The second recipe used 20 g less lard, but the results still showed there was too much lard. A possible reason the bar soap did not produce as great of a ring as the liquid soap could be not all of the soap dissolved in the water, making the mixture not as strong. Soap is used to kill bacteria, preventing the growth of bacteria and to clean household surfaces and human surfaces.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Key Words: Soap, Zone of Inhibition, Bacteria, Bacterial Growth

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