Electroplating+and+Rust

<span style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"> **ELECTROPLATING AND THE PREVENTION OF RUST. Rebecca Xu and Anna Olson. **

The aim of this work is to determine what affect the variable of time has on the process of electroplating. This work examines the oxidation-reduction mechanisms behind electroplating and explores how plated metals can help prevent rust and corrosion. Four trials at 30 second, 1 minute, 3 minutes and 5 minutes intervals were performed in this experiment. The copper cathode and zinc anode were submerged in a 0.5 M zinc sulfate solution and a current was applied to initiate the electrodeposition. It was determined that the five minute electroplating trial yielded the thickest zinc coating on the copper cathode, as it increased in mass by 0.063 grams. The findings of this experiment may be applied to the industrial electroplating process, especially in the prevention of rust. Key words: electroplating, oxidation-reduction, rust, corrosion, cathode, anode, electrodeposition 

Figure 1: .5 M ZnSO4 solution, copper strip, zinc strip, positive and negative terminals 

Figure 2: 1 minute, 3 minute, and 5 minute trials for electroplated and rusted copper strips


 * __Results __**
 * //Data //**
 * //Part 1: Electroplating copper and zinc //**
 * **Time ** ||  **Copper starting mass **  ||  **Copper end mass **  ||  **Zinc starting mass **  ||  **Zinc end mass **  ||
 * **30 seconds ** || .663 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.675 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.582 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.578 grams  ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1 minute ** || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.691 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.703 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.590 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.589 grams  ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">3 minutes ** || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.679 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.703 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.568 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.551 grams  ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">5 minutes ** || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.685 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.748 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.583 grams  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.538 grams  ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Table 1: Starting and end masses of copper and zinc strips after electroplating


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Time ** ||  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Physical Description **  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">30 seconds || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Copper plates 3 seconds into experiment. The submerged part of copper turns dark grey instantly while the submerged part of Zinc turns light grey. Crystals barely begin to form. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">1 minute || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Copper plates immediately, turning dark grey. Zinc turns light silver/white. Copper begins to form a thin layer of crystals 7 seconds into experiment. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">3 minutes || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Copper plates 8 seconds into experiment. Bubbles form around the submerged copper strip after 20 seconds. After 1 minute and 10 seconds, a thick layer of crystals covers the submerged copper strip. ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">5 minutes || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Copper plates very quickly. A dense layer of crystals form over the copper strip after 1 minute. The crystals begin from the edges and works toward the middle part of the copper strip. ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Table 2: Physical description of electroplating copper and zinc


 * //<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Part 2: Preventing Rust //**


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Time ** ||  **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mass after sitting in water **  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">30 seconds || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.684 grams  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">1 minute || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.718 grams  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">3 minutes || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.722 grams  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">5 minutes || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">.737 grams  ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Table 3: Masses of copper after sitting in water for 24 hours

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">media type="file" key="chem project audacity.wav" width="300" height="50"

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Works Consulted __ <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Bazant, M.Z., Chu, K.T., & Bayly, B.J. (2005). Current-voltage relations for electrochemical thin films. //<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics //<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">, //<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">65 //<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(5), Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4096138Search=yes&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasic <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Search%3FQuery%3Delectrochemical%2Bcell%26gw%3Djtx%26prq%3Dcathode% <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">2Banode%26Search%3DSearch%26hp%3D25%26wc%3Don

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Hoar, T.P. (1976). Review lecture: corrosion of metals: its cost and control. Proceedings of the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 348(1652), Retrieved from <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #810081; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; vertical-align: auto;">__[]__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #810081; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; vertical-align: auto;">