Matt+and+Michelle

Chemistry of Sports Drinks: comparison of effects of two sports drinks on heart rate and respiration in Daphnia To evaluate the effect of different muscle and hydration aids in sports drinks on physical exertion and create a beverage that best improves physical performance. Sport drinks such as Gatorade contain the basic elements to improve physical performance but contain too much sugar and artificial taste enhancers, because of this a more natural beverage containing less sugar and more carbohydrates will better aide physical performance. [] [] Mix ingredients into liquid beverage. Compare beverage to standard sports beverage and control: test heart rate of Daphnia with each beverage in increasingly concentrated solutions in the order of 1/100mL, 1/50mL, 1/25mL 1/0mL (drink/mL water). To test heart rate: place Daphnia under microscope and monitor heart rate. Record all data for comparison. Repeat process of observing Daphnia in Rockstar Energy Drink under microscope in increasingly concentrated solutions. Record all date for comparison.
 * Project Type:**
 * Chemistry Concept:**
 * Hypothesis:**
 * Journal Articles:**
 * Lab Procedure:**

Do not drink beverage. Do not keep daphnia under heat/ light for a long time otherwise heart rate will increase Beverage created for theoretical testing not consumption.
 * Apparatus and Chemicals needed:**
 * //Daphnia magna //
 * plastic transfer pipettes (to move individual //Daphnia// from one container to another),
 * Petri dish (or similar shallow container),
 * for observing //Daphnia// closely enough to monitor heart rate, you'll need a microscope:
 * Make your measurements quickly, and avoid heating the solution with your illuminating light (//Daphnia// heart rate is temperature-sensitive).
 * pure spring water (or dechlorinated tap water),
 * small containers (for holding your experimental and control groups before testing),
 * electronic timer or stopwatch, to monitor heart rate
 * Micro Algae, Activated yeast, or Bacteria. Others: Ban, wheat flour, dried blood
 * Sugar: juice, Potassium: coconut water, sodium: salt, calcium: tablets, magnesium: either flax seed or fish oil, vitamins A: carrot juice, C, B: flax seed oil, electrolytes, amino acids: protein powder, maltodextrin: powder from starch (supplement?)
 * BTB or Co2 monitor
 * Water bottle.
 * Stir rod.
 * Powerade
 * Rockstar Energy Drink
 * Safety information: chemicals/reaction**
 * Other information:**


 * Abstract:**

Sports drinks are essential to the performance of athletes as they replenish nutrients depleted through performance or exercise. Unfortunately, commercial sports drinks contain far too much sugar and are counterproductive in trying to sustain performance. A faster heart beat, in a reasonable zone, leads to better performance as blood circulates through the body, replenishing necessities and removing waste. Although sports drink are not always the most efficient, they are far more beneficial to enhancing athletic performance than energy drinks. Energy drinks, like Rockstar and Monster, contain at least 30 grams of sugar and a harmful additive, Taurine, which can be deadly if mixed with too much alcohol. Due to the excess sugar in Energy and Sports drinks, neither are efficient in adding and athlete. To create an ideal drink, potassium, vitamins, calcium, sodium, fish oil, honey and multi-dextrin were all included. The experimental sports drink was compared to the commercial products, Powerade and Rockstar by testing all three drinks on Daphnia. To examine their effect, the Daphnia were placed in increasingly concentrated versions of the three drinks and their heart beat per minute was measured. The experimental sports drink was found to raise the Daphnia’s heart rate higher than Powerade, but not as dangerously high as Rockstar, where the Daphnia died in the pure solution. If the experimental drink was perfected and made safe for people to drink, it could be consumed by athletes and would help them more than the commercial drinks available now.
 * CHEMISTRY OF SPORTS AND ENERGY DRINKS. Matthew Fiedler, Michelle Cass. **


 * Key words: ** athletic performance, sports drink, energy drink, heart rate, Daphnia, nutrients

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